They activate macrophages and promote the synthesis and release of macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), which aggravate IR, destroy gluconeogenesis in liver tissue and promote liver inflammation by adjusting the release of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-6 (62). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Hepatitis.