AGER and gestational diabetes: However, the results of these studies differed, with respect to both, the influence of PE, GDM, and FGR on the placental expression levels of RAGE, and the localization of RAGE within the individual cell types of the chorionic villi such as epithelial (trophoblast) cells, endothelial cells or macrophages [37,39,[41], [42], [43], [44], [45]].