Previous studies found that elevated levels of S100A8/S100A9 (a member of the Ca2+ binding protein of the S100 family) were present in inflammation and various cancers in humans, and these observations have triggered widespread concern about S100A8/S100A9 as a new potential molecule with important roles in the process of immune modulation, which promotes malignancy formation and progression [35]. This evidence concerns the gene S100A8 and cancer.