In contrast, tumor-promoting gene sets (RPS23, RPS11, RPS8, RPS3A, RPSA, and RPS15A) could promote tumor progression by suppressing the expression levels of inflammatory and tumor necrosis factors, alleviating immune infiltration and TME inflammatory responses, and activating oncogenic signaling pathways (Zhou et al., 2020a; Zhou et al., 2020b; Sun et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2021b; Liu et al., 2022). This evidence concerns the gene RPS15A and neoplasm.