CTSD and neoplasm: Remarkably, these TAMs exhibited high expression of interferon regulatory genes (ISG15, IFI6, and IFI27) and cathepsin genes (CTSA, CTSB, and CTSD), known to contribute to pro-tumor properties such as invasion, angiogenesis, immune suppression, and metastasis (Vasiljeva et al., 2006; Bengsch et al., 2014; Akkari et al., 2016; Szekely et al., 2018; Roumenina et al., 2019; Park et al., 2020; Xu et al., 2021b; Wang et al., 2021b; Obradovic et al., 2021; Revel et al., 2022; Skopál et al., 2022).