THBD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Several clinical trials focused on AE-ILD, particularly the acute exacerbation of IPF (AE-IPF), have been conducted using several new medications, including intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy and recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin; however, most trials have shown that these medications are not effective for the treatment of AE-IPF11,12.