CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In the tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint blockade therapy that targets PD-1 and PD-L1 may reawaken T lymphocytes specialized for tumors, may break the tumor immune tolerance mechanism that has already been established in the body, and has shown significant clinical benefits in cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, colorectal cancer, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), breast cancer, bladder cancer, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma (5–8).