Through data analysis, we found a significantly higher frequency of HLA class II alleles in our population of patients with PV, including HLA- DRB1*04:02, HLA-DRB1*14:54, HLA-DQB1*03:02, HLA-DQB1*05:03, HLA- DQA1*03:01, and HLA-DQA1*01:04, as well as a significantly lower frequency of HLA-DQA1*05:01 compared to the control group. The gene discussed is HLA-DQA1; the disease is acquired polycythemia vera.