EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Although the results from the phase III BR19 trial demonstrated no superiority of gefitinib adjuvant treatment over the placebo in EGFR mutation-unselected patients in terms of either disease-free survival (DFS) or OS [6], several subsequent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that 2-year adjuvant therapy with first-generation EGFR-TKIs (such as gefitinib, erlotinib, or icotinib) can significantly improve DFS compared with chemotherapy or a placebo in patients with EGFR-mutant stage IB-IIIA NSCLC [7–10].