Baseline characteristics were extracted, including age, gender, admission type, ethnicity, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum creatinine, hemoglobulin, albumin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPSII), mean arterial pressure (MAP), use of vasopressors and insulin, AKI stage, renal replacement therapy (RRT) and ICU length of stay (LOS). Here, INS is linked to acute kidney injury.