To determine the contributions of TRIB1-activated ERK- and Akt signaling, the TRIB1 transgene was overexpressed in GBM patient derived primary cell lines, which showed that phosphorylation/activation of ERK and Akt was increased by 1.4-fold (2.9 ± 0.2) and 1.6-fold (1.5 ± 0.2) respectively in T08-387 cells (Fig. 4a, left panel) and 1.8-fold (2 ± 0.03) and 1.7-fold (2.8 ± 0.08) in GBM30 cells (Fig. 4a, right panel) compared to empty vector control. Here, TRIB1 is linked to glioblastoma.