PTEN and PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: PTEN gene is frequently targeted by mutations in sporadic human cancers, as well as in the germline of individuals with tumor syndromes and/or autism-related neurodevelopmental alterations (PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome, PHTS, [MIM# 158350]; Macrocephaly/Autism Syndrome, [MIM# 605309]) [5, 6].