The pattern of angiogenic imbalance (high sFlt-1/PlGF ratio) is similarly seen in women who develop postpartum preeclampsia.34 However, prospective studies show differences in the immunologic profile between preeclampsia and postpartum preeclampsia.35 Although the immune markers differ, elevated immune markers in the placenta suggest antenatal initiation of pathology in postpartum preeclampsia. This evidence concerns the gene PGF and preeclampsia.