Indeed, extracellular 2-HG has been reported to activate NF-κB-dependent transcriptional signatures in stromal cells; immortalised human bone marrow cells supplemented with 2-HG or conditioned media from mutant-IDH AML cells activated NF-κB and downstream genes, including cytokine genes that promote AML proliferation, which was concordant with the transcriptional profiles from primary bone marrow stromal cells isolated from mutant-IDH AML patients [91]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.