TNF and malaria: We observed that the levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2, IL-12, IL-17A, Eotaxin/CCL-11, 1FN-γ, RANTES, MCP-1, IL-15, IL-1RA, IL-2R, IP-10, TNF, MIG, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IL-7, IL-8 and anti-inflammatory cytokines: IL-4 and IL-10 differed significantly among malaria-infected groups and the control groups.