Additionally, VHL mutation-mediated SALL4 overexpression promoted clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cell proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle progression, migration, invasion, tumorigenicity, and tumor vascularization through modulating Akt/GSK-3β axis and VEGF-A expression [27]. Here, GSK3B is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.