Enhanced expressions of CXCL8 and CCL20 after infection were consistent with prior in vivo studies in chickens, and in mouse and human organoid models [27, 29, 42], thus establishing the chicken organoids as a valuable infection model for Salmonella. CXCL8 and CCL20 responses were shown to be independent on TLR expression [43] and on the ability of S. Typhimurium to invade epithelial cells [44, 45]. Here, CXCL8 is linked to infection.