Furthermore, PI16 inhibited K63 ubiquitination (K63-Ub) and M1 ubiquitination (M1-Ub) of NEMO by interacting with annexin-A1 (ANXA1), thereby inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway and the subsequent invasion and metastasis of BLCA cells. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and bladder transitional cell carcinoma.