BRAF and neoplasm: To find a molecular rationale for ICI therapy prediction in patients with melanoma based on the observed difference in response to dual ICI between BRAF-mutant and BRAF-WT melanomas, we performed gene expression profiling of treatment-naive archived tumor samples (discovery set: n = 77 BRAF-mutant (V600 hotspot-positive), n = 79 BRAF-WT melanomas; Fig. 1a, left).