Furthermore, CCAR2 suppresses anoikis, a special type of apoptosis induced by the loss of cell–matrix contact, and induces anoikis resistance, a key characteristic of metastatic cancer cells, in breast and gastric cancer cells by activating the IKK-β/NF-κB signaling pathway and enhancing the expression of NF-κB target genes involved in anoikis resistance61,89. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and metastatic malignant neoplasm.