BNIP3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Indeed, genetic or pharmacological modulation of mitophagy-associated proteins, such as PINK1, Parkin, acyl-CoA:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase-1 (ALCAT1), and Bnip3, alleviates or exacerbates the NAFLD phenotype through mitophagy regulation29.