In agreement with this finding, the time-course analysis of other biomarkers of insulin deficiency, namely insulin, ketones, triglycerides and glucagon, revealed no significant differences between electrostimulated T1D mice and wild-type animals, whereas those biomarkers were significantly lower (insulin) and higher (ketones, triglycerides and glucagon) in non-stimulated T1D mice, respectively (Extended Data Fig. 9). Here, GCG is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.