Several monoclonal cell lines were profiled for DC-controlled insulin expression and the best-in-class hMSC-TERT cell clone DCINS (Extended Data Fig. 6b,c), which showed improved electrostimulated insulin fold induction and release compared to transiently transfected isogenic cell populations (Extended Data Fig. 6c), was selected for treatment of experimental T1D. Here, INS is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.