Earlier reports also indicated that eotaxin is highly induced in naive esophagus, but devoid of eosinophils, indicating a limited role of eotaxin-3 in EoE pathogenesis42. Additionally the anti-IL-5 therapy also raises concerns regarding long-time treatment effects on eosinophil biology and their significance in the maintenance of innate immunity43. This evidence concerns the gene CCL11 and eosinophilic esophagitis.