However, there is a requirement for tumor-targeted deliverysystems for ensuring safety since PD-L1 is also expressed in normaltissues and cells.45 In this study, wehave developed a strategy based on DVL-targeted and DTX-loaded HSA-NP(HSA-DTX@PEG-DVL NP) synthesis to induce the membrane surface expressionof PD-L1 in TNBC cancer cells, providing higher sensitivity, superiordrug uptake, and wide cell apoptosis. Here, ALB is linked to cancer.