ACE2 and infection: ACE2 from humans, mice and rats give the SARS-CoV-1 the ability to replicate in these species, however murine ACE2 less efficiently bound the S1 domain of SARS-CoV-1 and supported less efficient S protein-mediated infection, while rat ACE2 was even much less efficient than the murine ACE2 (Li et al., 2004; Subbarao et al., 2004; Wentworth et al., 2004).