Moreover, inflammatory cytokines secreted by the tumor, such as TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, could induce local inflammation and fibrosis (16), which affect the electrophysiological characteristics of adjacent myocardium of pulmonary veins and atrium, facilitating occurrence of AF. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is atrial fibrillation.