In the absence of a chronic inflammation, MyD88 deficiency has been shown to result in resistance to intestinal tumor development in the ApcMin/+ and AOM mouse models (Rakoff-Nahoum and Medzhitov, 2007; Salcedo et al., 2010), demonstrating that MyD88 signaling can have both tumorigenic and anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the inflammatory context (Brandl et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene MYD88 and infectious otitis media.