BMP2 and atrial fibrillation: For example, HP induces the opening of transmembranal channels in Hela cells, resulting in an influx of calcium ions (Ca2+).17 As a mechanosensitive ion channel protein, Piezo1 can respond to HP, activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and p38 signaling pathways, and facilitate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) to affect the phenotype of mesenchymal stem cells.18 Furthermore, high HP (40 mmHg) promotes atrial electrophysiological remodeling and inflammatory response by regulating the ion flow, reducing atrial fibrillation.19