TGFB1 and osteoarthritis: RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway is engaged in many diseases, including osteoarthritis,331 Alzheimer’s disease,332 ischemic stroke,333 hepatic and pulmonary fibrosis,334,335 and cancer.336 For example, the RhoA/ROCK signaling regulates the cardiac fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation (FMT) process.337 The inhibition of RhoA/ROCK attenuates the myocardial fibrosis in type II diabetes rats through JNK and TGFβ signaling pathways.338 The TGFβ-induced EMT process is also mediated by RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.339