TF and renal fibrosis: The nephron cells sense the FSS and HP through activated ion channels, thereby promoting renal fibrosis.612 TF is reported to activate TGFβ-induced EMT as well.613,614 The mechanical TF upregulates fibronectin and TGFβ, activates the signal transducer and transcription factor 3 (STAT3), thereby promoting renal fibrosis.615 Meanwhile, excessive ROS can also be generated by the activation of TF, which results in renal injury.616 ROS in turn facilitates the cytoplasmic proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), which is parallel to the expression of TGFβ.