Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoking, is associated with skeletal muscle insulin resistance via sympathetic nervous system activation, increased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K activity [27] and increased delivery of free fatty acid to the liver favoring fat accumulation, [28] suggesting additional negative effects of cigarette smoking on glucose metabolism. The gene discussed is RPS6KB1; the disease is Insulin resistance.