TGFB1 and schizophrenia: These include the significantly later age of onset of SZ in female patients, which has been attributed to the neuroprotective and antidopaminergic properties of estradiol,36, 37 and the transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) pathway involving the TGFB1 + 869 T/C polymorphism in female schizophrenia patients.38