TNF and COVID-19: High concentrations of TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and chemokine (C-C-motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), known to be produced by MCs, are found during the course of infection in COVID-19 patients [15,137,140,143,146]; IL-6 has been shown to increase MC proliferation and induce a more reactive phenotype providing a possible link between elevated IL-6 levels and MC activation [144,147].