Syndecan-1 was higher in PLWH compared with healthy controls, and especially in PLWH under cART (i.e., in those receiving tenofovir, followed by zidovudine, then by non-treated individuals), and was independently associated with higher serum creatinine and reduced glomerular filtration rate after adjustments for variables related with HIV infection in a multivariate analysis [27]. This evidence concerns the gene SDC1 and HIV infectious disease.