ATG12 and infection: At 6 h post-infection (hpi), the enriched pathways included proteasome, ribosome, and regulation of autophagy (Figure 6A), with the core genes of the most significantly enriched pathway in autophagy regulation (FDR = 0.2325) including ATG12, PIK3C3, GABARAPL1, ATG4C, and ATG4A (Figure 6B).