IMPA1 and infection: DENV/ZIKV/WNV/JEV/YFV viruses, in particular, co-opt the host nuclear import-mediating IMPα/β1 heterodimer to transport viral non-structural protein 5 (NS5); in the case of DENV, viral attenuation can be achieved by mutations preventing NS5 nuclear import [10], whilst small molecule inhibitors such as ivermectin targeting IMPα can inhibit infection by DENV/ZIKV/WNV [11,12,13,14].