The pathogenesis of DM also involves the generation of pro-inflammatory mediators and ROS with elevated levels of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, a crucial regulator in the conversion of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins that mediate inflammation, immunomodulation, apoptosis, and blood flow and elevated levels of antioxidant enzymes (glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT)) counteracting the exacerbated oxidative stress [24]. The gene discussed is CAT; the disease is diabetes mellitus.