In human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 and H1299 cells, TSAIII at higher concentrations (10 μM and 30 μM) has promoted both autophagy and apoptosis by activating AMPK signaling and inactivating the ERK1/2 pathway (Table 1). Here, MAPK3 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.