The profile markers demonstrated one case of reactivation (HBsAg+/Anti-HBc IgM+/Anti-HBc Total+/DNA-HBV+/Anti-HBe+), one case of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B, one case of recurrence of HBeAg and nine cases HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B (Figure 1 and Supplementary Table S2). Here, CD40LG is linked to chronic hepatitis B virus infection.