The latter can encompass several factors: the detection of TBE-specific IgM and IgG antibodies in blood serum; the identification of TBE-specific IgM or both IgM and IgG antibodies in the CSF, seroconversion or a notable rise in TBE-specific antibody levels observed in paired serum samples; the identification of viral genetic material in the blood, CSF, or other bodily fluids or tissues; and viral isolation [185]. This evidence concerns the gene CD40LG and tick-borne encephalitis.