TNF and Obesity: Since obesity is a state of chronic low level inflammation and people with obesity (PwO) have elevated levels of pro-inflammatory adipocyte-derived cytokines (adipokines), such as IL-1, IL-6, leptin, MCP-1, and TNF-α, and under-secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines, such as adiponectin and IL-10 [37,38,39,40,41], it is possible that, similarly to older individuals, PwO have greater activation of their immune system during recovery.