In the context of experimental autoimmune myocarditis, Chihakova [41] et al. demonstrated that the upregulation of macrophage-derived cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-18, IFN-γ, and TNF-β, is associated with acute inflammation and chronic systolic dysfunction observed in dilated cardiomyopathy. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is dilated cardiomyopathy.