TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Considering the TNF-α-induced RA FLSs, treatment with 3 led to a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-17A, as well as to a decrease in phosphorylated IKK, IκBα and NF-κB and to a reduction of the NF-κB accumulation.