MAPK1 and adult acute monocytic leukemia: In in vitro and in vivo studies using acute monocytic leukaemia cell lines, the effect of curcumin on MAPK and NF-kb signalling through the upregulation of p38 and JNK and downregulation of ERK2 and p-p65 has been identified, coupled with its ability to downregulate genes such as MDR1, LRP, BCRP [98,106,107,108,109].