VEGFA and gestational diabetes: In GDM, the expression of angiogenic proteins is increased, such as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGFA), Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1A) [78], Phosphatase and Tensin homolog (PTEN) [79], and BCL2 apoptosis regulator (BCL2) [80].