IL6 and infection: According to the nonclinical data compiled earlier, elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-6, seen throughout an infection or inflammation downregulate drug metabolism, a characteristic of clinical phenoconversion of the DME from EM to PM phenotype, changing the pharmacokinetics of the substrate drugs and, ultimately, modifying the drug response (either therapeutic effectiveness or undesirable toxicity), regardless of patient’s EM genotype [4,35].