PNPLA3 and hepatocellular carcinoma: It is not known if HCC is caused by specific mutations, but increased risk of developing HCC is observed in patients with specific germline DNA polymorphisms in genes such as EGF, INFL3, MBOAT7, MICA, PNPLA3, TTL1, TM6SF2, and in heritable conditions including α1-antitripsin deficiency, porphyria cutanea tarda, tyrosinemia, and Wilson’s disease [145].