In line with this, a large body of evidence in multiple species suggests the cytoprotective action of PACAP in various toxic models of PD including 6-OHDA [25,32], salsolinol [26], MPTP [27,28,71] or rotenone [29,30,31,32]; for reviews see [8,23]. This evidence concerns the gene ADCYAP1 and Parkinson disease.