MTOR and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Recently, a study has shown that NF73-1, an E. coli isolated from the intestines of NASH patients, can enter the liver through TLR2/NLRP3, induce M1 macrophages, and finally promote the development of NAFLD, with the activation of mTOR-S6K1-SREBP-1/PPAR-α [140].