In A-549 cells, an epithelial cell line derived from human lung carcinoma, which has been widely used as an in vitro model of human alveolar type II epithelial cells [169], the mRNA expression of SP-B was increased after treatment with CS in a concentration-dependent manner, in agreement with another study where an increase in the mRNA expression of all four proteins was observed [170]. The gene discussed is SFTPB; the disease is lung carcinoma.