TGFB1 and glioblastoma: It is noted that the T98G cells are a multiformal glioblastoma that contain astrocytes, and therefore, also the genes for the biological process of “positive regulation of pathway-restricted SMAD protein phosphorylation”, which were overrepresented among those DEGs after exposure to TiO2-NPs, as well as the genes belonging to the TGF-β signaling pathway.