TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: IL-6 has been reported to affect TGFβ-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis, suggesting that increased IL-6 production by tumor-producing TGFβ may counteract the tumor-suppressive effects of TGFβ hence contribute to the oncogenic conversion of TGFβ function in the malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, lung, and prostate cancers [17,40,44].