TAAR1 and Alzheimer disease: Since it is well known that fibrillar amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides play an important role in microglial activation in AD [34], we also showed that the T1AM-TAAR1 signaling pathway was able to protect against Aβ-induced cytotoxic and inflammatory responses in HMC3 cells, and that TAAR1 stimulation can inactivate microglial NF-κB signaling.